石榴籽·同心圓 | 瑤族：草藥飄香入浴水，“非遺+”拓寬致富路

瑤族，中國最古老的民族之一。隱匿于從江縣東南部的高華村，是一個瑤族聚居村落，這里村民長壽者居多，而神秘的“瑤族藥浴”更是遠(yuǎn)近聞名。

The Yao ethnic groupis one of China's oldest ethnic groups. Located in the southeastern part of Congjiang County, southwest China's Guizhou Province, Gaohua Village is a settlement predominantly inhabited by the Yao people. The village boasts a high number of residentswith longevity, and is renowned for its mysterious Yao medicated bath.

盤山而上，瑤寨的輪廓逐漸消失在夜色中，清新的空氣夾雜著陣陣藥香，讓鼻喉倍感舒適。趙財現(xiàn)家的瑤浴客棧也亮了燈，老婆趙正花開始煮藥水，順便為小兒子洗澡。

Ascending the hill, the silhouette of the Yao village gradually vanishes into the night. The fresh air is filled with the scent of medicinal herbs, providing a soothing sensation to the senses. The lights are on at Zhao Caixian's Yao medicated bath inn, where his wife, Zhao Zhenghua, is preparing medicinal decoctions while also giving their youngest son a bath.

在高華，有人人皆泡藥浴的風(fēng)俗。藥浴療法是以藥物洗浴達到強身健體、抵御風(fēng)寒、消除疲勞、防治疾病的傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)生治療方法，是千百年來瑤族民眾集體智慧的結(jié)晶。

In Gaohua Village, it is a common custom for everyone to take medicated baths. Medicated bath therapy is a traditional health treatment method that uses medicinal substances for bathing to enhance physical fitness, resist the cold, relieve fatigue, and prevent and treat diseases. It is a collective wisdom of the Yao ethnic group accumulated since ancient times.

趙有輝：我的祖先傳給我瑤浴，已經(jīng)是第七代人了。我6歲的時候，媽媽去勞動，我就跟著去勞動，媽媽上山采藥，我就跟著去采藥，媽媽回家織布，我就看她織布，“咦!好像好玩得很”。第二天媽媽又來織布，看到線斷了，媽媽(說)這個肯定是老六，我是第六個兒子。后來，我打紙(造紙)比媽媽打得還好，我織布比媽媽織布還好。她看我樣樣都懂得，她才傳給我。

Zhao Youhui: The tradition of Yao medicated bath has been passed down to me from my ancestors, and I am already the seventh generation. When I was six years old, I followed my mother to work. When she went up the mountain to collect herbs, I would go with her. When she came home to weave cloth, I would watch her and think, ''Hmm, it looks like a lot of fun.''The next day, when my mother came to weave again and saw that the thread was broken, she would look angry and blame me, her sixth and youngest son, for the mess. As I grew older, I found that I could make paper inour traditional way better than my mother, and I could weave better than her too. When she saw that I was a fast learner, she decided to pass on the medicated bath tradition to me.

據(jù)趙有輝老人說，他還有十個兄弟姐妹，而以前村里并沒有醫(yī)院，瑤族婦女生產(chǎn)、恢復(fù)，孩子能夠健康成長都離不開瑤浴。

According to Zhao Youhui, he had10siblings, and in the past, there was no hospital in the village. The Yao women relied on Yao medicated bath for childbirth, recovery, and ensuring the healthy growth of their children.

趙有輝：我們瑤家藥浴，第一個(用處)還是女人的婦產(chǎn)。有孩子快落地了，奶奶(婆婆)和公公就到大山里面去采藥，拿到家里掛在樓上曬干。(兒)媳婦痛肚了，公公就馬上燒火，馬上倒水在大桶里面，(產(chǎn)后)就喊孩子的媽媽(到桶里面)泡，又舀水給剛落地的孩子泡，在盆里面泡，這樣孩子可以預(yù)防疾病。孩子的媽媽泡了(瑤浴)，她的身體干凈得很快，三天可以在家搞小生產(chǎn)、勞動。

Zhao Youhui: In our Yao family, the primary use of Yao medicated bath is for women during childbirth. When a woman is about to give birth, her father-in-law and mother-in-lawwould go to the mountains to collect herbs and bring them home to dry them by hanging them upstairs. If the womanexperiences abdominal pain, the father-in-law would immediately start a fire and pour water into a large tub. After childbirth, the womanwould then be called to soak in the tub, and water would be scooped to bathe the newborn in a basin. This helps prevent diseases in the child. After the womantakes a medicated bath, her body would recover quickly, and within three days, she can resume doing some household chores and certain work at home.

趙財現(xiàn)師從趙有輝。通過政府的幫扶，他將瑤浴客棧開辦起來，平時還會繼續(xù)向師傅學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)藥和配藥知識。瑤族因沒有本族文字，“配方”只能通過口口相傳，讓這門技藝有了神秘色彩。

Zhao Caixian has acquired the tradition from Zhao Youhui. With the assistance of the government, he has successfully opened a Yao medicated bath inn and continues to learn about herbal identification and prescription from his master. Due to the lack of a written language in the Yao ethnic group, the medicated bath's ''formulas''can only be passed down orally, adding a sense of mystery to this craft.

趙有輝：這里葉子又不大又不小，只能這么大，又亮亮的，又沒有毛的，她(媽媽)是這么告訴我們，都一清二明。什么病該配哪種就配哪種，有些(病)只配一種藥，有些配兩三種，有些配五六種，七八種也有，什么病配什么藥。

Zhao Youhui: The leaves used here should be neither too big nor too small. They must be just the right size, shiny, and without any fuzz. That's how my mother taught us, which isvery specific. We know exactly which herb to use for each specific illness. Some diseases require only one type of herb, while others may require two or three, and there are even cases where five or six, or even seven or eight herbs are needed. We match the medicine to the illness accordingly.

一些名貴的藥材因為不能晾曬儲備，趙有輝年輕時經(jīng)常要深入山林尋找，日落才能到家。如今，腿腳不便的他仍舊會到周邊采藥。

Due to the inability to air-dry and store certain valuable medicinal herbs, Zhao Youhui, when he was young, used to venture deep into the mountains to search for them, sometimes only returning home after sunset. Even now, despite his limited mobility, he still makes an effort to gather herbs in the surrounding areas.

除了發(fā)展瑤浴文旅產(chǎn)業(yè)，高華村已經(jīng)規(guī)�；�種植一些常用的藥用植物。趙財現(xiàn)空閑時間會去合作社幫忙，配制成的藥浴包銷往海內(nèi)外。他自己和村民又多了一份收入，讓高華村走在了鄉(xiāng)村振興的前列。

In addition to developing the Yao medicated bath cultural and tourism industry, Gaohua Village has also scaled up the cultivation of commonly used medicinal plants. During his free time, Zhao Caixian helps out at the cooperative, where they package the herbs into medicated bath kits that are sold both domestically and internationally. This has provided additional income for himself and the villagers, putting Gaohua Village at the forefront of rural revitalization.

趙有輝：我孩子不讓我干我也要干(農(nóng)活)，孩子喊我跟他去城市(生活)，我不愿去。你看我們這里空氣很好嘛。白天搞累點，回家泡藥浴就輕松了，明天又一樣地搞。

Zhao Youhui: Even if my children don't want me to work in the fields, I still want to do it. They ask me to move to the city to live with them, but I am not willing to leave. You can see that the air quality hereisgreat. I may get tired during the day, but when I come home and take amedicated bath, I feel relaxed and ready to do the work again the next day.

趙有輝老人如今依舊生活在養(yǎng)育他的這片山林。兒時的織布聲、媽媽的“威嚇聲”、空氣中彌漫的藥香，都揮之不去……吃過早飯，趙財現(xiàn)夫婦又現(xiàn)身在田間，瑤族人的一天這樣開始了。

Zhao Youhui still lives in the mountains where he was raised. The sound of weaving from his childhood, his mother's pretended intimidating gesture, and the lingering scent of herbal medicine in the air are all unforgettable.After having breakfast, Zhao Caixian and his wife reappear in the fields, which marks the beginning of another day for a Yao ethnic family.

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